|
|
Environmental charges
Klekner, Aleš ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
Environmental charges Abstract The aim of the diploma thesis is the introduction of environmental charges in the Czech legal system, their classification, analysis and evaluation in terms of their effectiveness. Environmental charges are among the most important economic instruments of environmental protection in the Czech legal system. Charges differ from taxes mainly in that there is some consideration associated with the charges. Environmental charges can be broken down according to various criteria. In the professional literature, the most common breakdown of environmental charges is the nature of their consideration, namely charges for pollution and other environmental burdens, charges for the use of natural resources and user charges. The diploma thesis examines the question of the extent to which environmental charges fulfill their functions, especially the most important function, namely the motivational function. The diploma thesis also touches on the question of whether the legal regulation of selected elements of environmental charges at the subordinate legislation is in accordance with the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. Environmental charges have undergone a number of changes over their history. Most of these changes have contributed to greater environmental protection, but in many...
|
|
|
Possibilities of waste treatment in iron and steel industry
Mlčoch, Jakub ; Louda, Jiří (advisor) ; Petrášek, František (referee)
Metallurgical industry annually produces several hundred thousand tones of metalliferous wastes, which contain beside of the oxides of iron, metallic and non-metallic iron also the compounds such as zinc and lead, which are both environmentally and, secondly, preventing the recycling of this waste in metallurgical process in the production of pig iron and steel. The management of this waste, according to the valid legislation, the producer of the waste is burdened by the costs in the form of charges for uploading to a secure landfill or disposal of third parties. At the same time experience a loss of metallic substance contained in the waste, which would be used as a substitute for iron ore in the metallurgical process. Currently occurs on the part of the EU, the pressure to minimize waste, while emphasis is placed on the back of recovery (recycling). This pressure is also reflected in the increase in charges for storing waste, forcing enterprises to innovate in the field of recycling technologies. The correct settings and the use of recycling technologies implies reduction of production costs, which can be discerned from the economic calculation in the application section of the work, that handle with a specific value of the fee for storage of waste.
|
guest ::
